They required 19 second innings runs to win after a stunning burst by Test debutant Pattinson (5-27) helped the hosts rout New Zealand for 150 in their second innings on Sunday.
Australia (1-19) lost opener Phil Hughes (seven) - who was dropped the previous ball - before David Warner (12 not out) hit the winning boundary.
The 21-year-old Victorian boasted figures of 5-7 by his seventh over - his first five-wicket haul in just his 10th first-class game.
New Zealand began the day at 1-10 but went to lunch at 7-121.
And they were 8-123 when the stubborn Dean Brownlie (42) was dismissed by Peter Siddle (1-44) on the eighth ball after lunch.
Off-spinner Nathan Lyon (3-19) helped clean up the tail.
It marked a big turnaround for Pattinson who was 0-13 after his first Test over on Thursday, finishing with first innings figures of 1-64 off 15 overs.
But not everything he touched turned to gold on Sunday.
He dropped Perth-born Brownlie on 34, denying Warner a wicket with his first ball in Test cricket.
New Zealand took seven off the first over of the day before all hell broke loose.
Martin Guptill (12) was snapped up at bat-pad and two balls later Kane Williamson (0) was caught behind driving - as was captain Ross Taylor (0) next ball.
Jesse Ryder survived the hat-trick ball, jamming out a nasty yorker but New Zealand soon slumped to 5-28 in the 13th over.
Nightwatchman Doug Bracewell would not have fancied his odds of surviving considering his rotten luck in Brisbane - he had three chances go down off his bowling in Australia's 427 first dig after dismissing Michael Clarke (139) on a no ball. Sure enough he was next to go - giving Pattinson five scalps. The aggressive Ryder (36 off 38) showed some resistance before being caught slogging.
Pattinson was named man of the match for his efforts in the second dig.
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